Some history of hype regarding the human genome project and genomics

Just taking some notes here - relates to a discussion going on online.  Would love pointers to other references relating to hype and the human genome project (including references that think it was not overhyped).  I note - see some of my previous posts about this issue including: Human genome project oversold? sure but lets not undersell basic science and various Overselling Genomics awards. 

Here are some things I have found:

White House press conference on announcing completetion of the human genome

Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives -- and even more, on the lives of our children. It will revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases. In coming years, doctors increasingly will be able to cure diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes and cancer by attacking their genetic roots. In fact, it is now conceivable that our children's children will know the term cancer only as a constellation of stars.

Collins et al. New Goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998–2003

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is fulfilling its promise as the single most important project in biology and the biomedical sciences— one that will permanently change biology and medicine.

Human Genome -The Biggest Sellout in Human History

The Human Genome Project: Hype meets reality

NOVA: Nature vs. Nurture Revisited

After a decade of hype surrounding the Human Genome Project, punctuated at regular intervals by gaudy headlines proclaiming the discovery of genes for killer diseases and complex traits, this unexpected result led some journalists to a stunning conclusion. The seesaw struggle between our genes (nature) and the environment (nurture) had swung sharply in favor of nurture.

The human genome project, 10 years in: Did they oversell the revolution? in the Globa and Mail by Paul Taylor referring to: "Deflating the Genomic Bubble"

Also see Genomic Medicine: Too Great Expectations? by PP O Rourke

Also Has the Genomic Revolution Failed?

And Human genome 10th anniversary. Waiting for the revolution.

Science communication in transition: genomics hype, public engagement, education and commercialization pressures.

The Medical Revolution in Slate.

A Decade Later, Genetic Map Yields Few New Cures in the New York Times.

In announcing on June 26, 2000, that the first draft of the human genome had been achieved, Mr. Clinton said it would “revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases.” 

At a news conference, Francis Collins, then the director of the genome agency at the National Institutes of Health, said that genetic diagnosis of diseases would be accomplished in 10 years and that treatments would start to roll out perhaps five years after that.

Bursting the genomics bubble - Nature 2010

Has decoding the genome lived up to hype? BBC - 2010

The ethics of expectations: biobanks and the promise of personalised medicine.

NNB report: Ten years later, Harvard assesses the genome map where regarding Eric Lander:

At the same time, , he said genomic research has “gone so much faster than I would have imagined.” He cited " an explosion of work that will culminate, I think in the next five years, in a pretty comprehensive list of all the target that lead to different kinds of cancers and give us a kind of roadmap for finding the Achilles heel of cancers for therapeutics and diagnostics."

while at the same time he blamed the press for the hype

From Great 15-Year Project To Decipher Genes Stirs Opposition in the Times June 1990

'Our project is something that we can do now, and it's something that we should do now,'' said Dr. James D. Watson, a Nobel laureate who heads the National Center for Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health. ''It's essentially immoral not to get it done as fast as possible.''

• Note the article has many complaining about the hype in the genome project even then ..

From SCIENTIST AT WORK: Francis S. Collins; Unlocking the Secrets of the Genome

And, Dr. Collins adds, there is nothing more important in science and medicine than the project he heads

Dr. Collins predicts that within 10 years everyone will have the opportunity to find out his or her own genetic risks, to know if cancer or heart attacks or diabetes or Alzheimer's disease, for example, lies in the future. 

From READING THE BOOK OF LIFE: THE DOCTOR'S WORLD; Genomic Chief Has High Hopes, and Great Fears, for Genetic Testing June 2000 in the NY Times

The story goes through some predictions Francis Collins made for the future in a talk.  These included:

• BY 2010, the genome will help identify people at highest risk of particular diseases, so monitoring efforts can focus on them.
• In cancer, genetic tests will identify those at highest risk for lung cancer from smoking. Genetic tests for colon cancer will narrow colonoscopy screening to people who need it most. A genetic test for prostate cancer could lead to more precise use of the prostate specific antigen, or P.S.A., test by identifying those men in whom the cancer is most likely to progress fastest. Additional genetic tests would guide treatment of breast and ovarian cancer.
• Three or four genetic tests will help predict an individual's risk for developing coronary artery disease, thus helping to determine when to start drugs and other measures to reduce need for bypass operations.
• Tests predicting a high risk for diabetes should help encourage susceptible individuals to exercise and control their weight. Those at higher risk might start taking drugs before they develop symptoms.
• BY 2020, doctors will rely on individual genetic variations in prescribing new and old drugs and choosing the dose. Pharmaceutical companies will take a second look at some drugs that were never marketed, or were taken off the market, because some people who took them suffered adverse reactions. It will take many years to develop such drugs and tests.
• Cancer doctors will use drugs that precisely target a tumor's molecular fingerprint. One such gene-based designer drug, Herceptin, is already marketed for treating advanced breast cancer.
• The genome project holds promise for the mental health field. ''One of the greatest benefits of genomic medicine will be to unravel some biological contributions to major mental illnesses like schizophrenia and manic depressive disease'' and produce new therapies, Dr. Collins said.

Some notes on "Citations for Sale" about King Abdulaziz University offerring me $$ to become an adjunct faculty

There is a news story in the Daily Cal titled "Citations for Sale" by Megan Messerly about King Abdullah University King Abdulaziz University trying to pay researchers who are highly cited to become adjunct professors there to boost their rankings.  This article stemmed from a blog post by Lior Pachter.  I was interviewed by the Daily Cal reporter about this because I had sent Lior some of the communications I had had with people from KAU where they tried to get me to do this.

I am posting here some of the email discussions / threads that I shared with Lior and Megan.

Thread #1.

Here is one thread of emails in which KAU tried to get me to become an Adjunct Professor.  I have pulled out the text of the emails and removed the senders ID just in case this would get him in trouble.

Received this email 3/6/14

Dear Prof Jonathan, 

How are you? I hope every thing is going well. I hope to share work with you and initiate a collaboration between you and me in biology department, Kind Abdulaziz university . My research focuses on (redacted detail). I hope that you would agree . 

Redacted Name,Ph.D
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.

My response:

What kind of collaboration are you imagining?

His response:

Hi Prof Jonathan, 

Let me to explain that the king abdulaziz university initiated a project which is called Highly Cited Professor ( HiCi). This project can provide a contract between you and our university and from this contract you can get 7000 US$ as a monthly salary .So  this project will allow you to generate two research proposal between you and a research stuff here in order to make an excellent publications in high quality journals as you always do. 

I hope that I was clear. I' m looking forward to hear from you. Finally, I think that a very good chance to learn from you. 

 Another email from him:

Dear prof Jonathan, 

I' d like to tell that Prof Inder Verma will come tomorrow to our university  as a highly cited professor and he also signed a contract with us. At March 28 Prof Paul Hebert will come to our university and we actually generated two projects with Prof Paul. I hope you trust me and you call Prof  Inder and  Paul to be sure. 

From me:

I trust you - just am very busy so not sure if this is right for me
Sent from my iPhone

From him:

You will come to our university for just two visits annually and each visit will take only  one week. Take you time to think. Bye

Another email from him

Seat Dr Jonathan, 

What is your decision?

My response:

You have not really provided me with enough information about this.

From him:

Well, you will sign a contract as a highly cited professor between you and KAU. if it happen you will get 7,000 US$ per month for one year as a salary.  From  this project you would be able to generate two proposal with around 200,000 US$ and you will get incentives from each one. In the further we can initiate a mega project with 1.5 million US$.   Is that clear? 

From me:

I could use a formal , legal description of the agreement that one is expected to sign 

From him:

You can ask Prof Dr. Inder Verma he is now in my department and he did two presentation today. Also you can ask my professor prof  Paul Hebert, biodiversity institute of Ontario who will come to my department in March 28,2014.

From him:

if you would agree . Coul you please provide me with your CV with list of publication? 

From him:

Are you agree or no?

From me:

No 

You have not provided me with anywhere near enough info to evaluate this 

Do you have any legal agreement I can look at?

From him:

Agreement from KAU
without providing me with your CV I could not be able to talk to university administration. I told you before ask under verma or Paul Hebert both of them have contract. Dr verma " editor in chief of PNAS who is left KAS since 4 hours ago. Finally, its up to.

From me:

No thanks
Not interested from what you have told me

Thread #2

Received this email on 12/17/13

Dr. Mansour Almazroui
12/17/13
to jaeisen
Dear Prof. Jonathan Eisen ,

I am Dr. Mansour Almazroui, Highly Cited Program Manager, at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. On behalf of KAU with great pleasure, I would like to invite you to join our innovative collaboration program that is called “International Affiliation program”.

KAU is considered as the largest university in the region serving more than 150,000 students, with around 4,000 faculty members and 30 colleges. For more information please locate us at:  http://www.kau.edu.sa.

The envisaged program aims to elevate our local research activities in various fields. We only extend our invitation to highly ranked researchers like you, with a solid track record in research and publications to work with KAU professors.

Joining our program will immediately put you on an annual contract, as a Distinguished Adjunct Professor. In this regard, you will only be required to work at KAU premises for three weeks in each year of your contract.

We hope you to accept our invitation and looking forward to welcome you.  Please don’t hesitate to contact me for any further query or clarification.

Sincerely,
Mansour
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Mansour Almazroui
Highly Cited Program Manager,
Office of the Vice President for Graduated Studies and Research,
King Abdulaziz University (KAU).
&
Director, Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research
King Abdulaziz University
P. O. Box 80234, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia

I wrote back

I am intrigued but need more information about the three weeks of time at KAU and the details on the contract. 

Jonathan Eisen  

Sent from my iPhone

Got this back

Dear Prof. Jonathan Eisen , 

Hope this email finds you in good health. Thank you for your interest. Please find below the information you requested to be a “Distinguished Adjunct Professor” at KAU. 

1. Joining our program will put you on an annual contract initially for one year but further renewable. However, either party can terminate           its association with one month prior notice.
2. The Salary per month is $ 6000 for the period of contract.
3. You will be required to work at KAU premises for three weeks in each contract year. For this you will be accorded with expected three         visits to KAU.
4. Each visit will be at least for one week long but extendable as suited for research needs.
5. Air tickets entitlement will be in Business-class and stay in Jeddah will be in a five star hotel. The KAU will cover all travel and living             expenses of your visits.
6. You have to collaborate with KAU local researchers to work on KAU funded (up to $100,000.00) projects.
7. It is highly recommended to work with KAU researchers to submit an external funded project by different agencies in Saudi Arabia.
8. May submit an international patent.
9. It is expected to publish some papers in ISI journals with KAU affiliation.
10. You will be required to amend your ISI highly cited affiliation details at the ISI highlycited.com web site to include your employment and         affiliation with KAU.   

Kindly let me know your acceptance so that the official contract may be preceded.
Sincerely,
Mansour

I promtly forwarded this to my brother with a note:

One way to make some extra money ... Sell your reputation / ISI index  

Sent from my iPhone

And my brother eventually shared this with Lior  ...

UPDATE 1: 12/5/2014

One key question is - what are the rules and guidelines and ehitcs of listing affiliations on papers.  Here are some tidbits on this

From Nature Communications:

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done.

From Taylor and Francis

The affiliations of all named co-authors should be the affiliation where the research was conducted.

From SAGE

Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.

UPDATE 2: Some other posts of relevance

• To some a citation is worth $3 per year
• Are Saudi universities buying their way into top charts? by Mohammed Yahia

UPDATE 3: A Storify

A night with Matt Groening and the importance of faeces, feces and faces

So - I participated in a fundraiser for Emily Levine's "The Edge of Chaos" film a week ago. And one of the key guests was Matt Groening. Not only did I get to hang out with him and discuss fecal transplants with him (really) but I had a front row seat to Matt discussing the history of how he came up with the general outline of the Simpson's characters.

And in addition to this being just awesome to witness, one part of it struck me. See the video below and in particular the part that struck me was the beginning:

  Groening
basically said that only a few simple changes in faces can be recognized by people very easily. This reminds me of Jenna Lang's talk at the Lake Arrowhead meeting this year where she discussed using facial drawings as a form of visualizing microbiome data.

 

Citizen Microbiology: Opportunities for Engagement and Data Visualization, Lake Arrowhead, 2014 from jennomics

So - since I discussed fecal transplants with Matt and since he gave a good description of facial characteristics being easy to identify, I think we should definitely (1) try and get him to include microbiomes on the Simpsons and (2) for our work we should use Simpsons characters as model faces for different microbiomes ...

Oh and I also showed Groening some of the pics of my kids reading his "Hell" books:

So - basically it was a night of feces, faeces and faces.  Seems ideal.

It's that time of year again...

You guys, it's that time of year again! Every year my favorite people over at Photography Concentrate have a KILLER Black Friday sale (which has already begun!) on their amazing photography tutorials, and as per usual, I have to tell you all about it.

While I AM a member of their affiliate program, helping to promote these amazing learning tools is the most natural thing in the world to me - a perfect partnership because I TRULY believe in these products and have used them and benefitted from them myself, long before I was an affiliate. Going through the tutorials was the single best thing I ever did to jumpstart my photography, in particular the Extremely Essential Camera Skills tutorial (which effectively teaches you to shoot in manual mode and understand the ins and outs of your camera) and the Super Photo Editing Skills tutorial (which teaches Lightroom and which I'd have been LOST without).

I remember I paid $99 for a four hour Photography course here in Austin a few years ago, and I left feeling almost as confused as when I came. Then shortly thereafter, a photographer friend of mine that I admired recommended Extremely Essential Camera Skills, and  I went home that same day and looked it up. Besides her recommendation, the tutorial really kind of sold itself. I purchased, went through it in a few hours one afternoon, and it was like a lightbulb went on. I switched to Manual mode and never looked back, and so began my long and illustrious career.... I kid, I kid. ;) But really, it's incredible what these tutorials can achieve for you in one afternoon or evening. You could literally spend hundreds or thousands on classes and still not "get it" as quickly and efficiently as with the Photography Concentrate tutorials. I really believe Rob & Lauren (the husband and wife team behind P.C.), are natural-born teachers and designers, which makes their tools as useful and truly priceless as they are!

Anyway, enough of MY rambling. If you'd like to check it out, HERE is the main page with all the fun info about the sale, awesome giveaway going on, and links to all the various tutorials. Below I'll leave links to my four favorite tutorials, as well. Their already super-affordable prices are now DIRT CHEAP, and won't be priced this way again until next Black Friday week, so get on it! ;)

PS - I forgot to mention, the Really Easy Retouching tutorial is literally worth its weight in GOLD. I went through it just this last year, and learned for the first time how to do "compositions" or head swaps in Photoshop - I can't believe how many amazing photos I've been able to salvage since then that I otherwise would have lost (one family member looking away or blinking, etc), and I can't believe I lasted so long WITHOUT knowing how to do it!

Here's all my favorites...

EXTREMELY ESSENTIAL CAMERA SKILLS

* * * * *

SUPER PHOTO EDITING SKILLS

* * * * *

REALLY EASY RETOUCHING

* * * * *

INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT COMPOSITION SKILLS

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Whole issues of Genome Biology/Genome Medicine on "Genomics of Infectious Disease"

Wow this has really got some nice papers: BioMed Central | Article collections | Genomics of infectious diseases special issue.  I note - this goes well as a follow up to the series I co-coordinated in PLOS a few years back: Genomics of Emerging Infectious Disease - PLOS Collections

From their site:

Infectious diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and have a devastating impact on public health. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 in 3 deaths worldwide are due to an infectious disease, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing regions. 

While the completion of the first genome sequence of a pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995 took decades of work, in recent years, high-throughput technologies have revolutionized the study of pathogens. Whole-genome sequences are now achievable within days and available for multiple pathogens, including those that cause neglected tropical diseases, which has advanced our understanding of the biology and evolution of pathogens. Crucially, such research has enabled important advances in the clinical management of infectious diseases, and continues to guide public health interventions worldwide. 

In this cross-journal special issue, guest edited by George Weinstock (The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, USA) and Sharon Peacock (University of Cambridge, UK), Genome Biology and Genome Medicine take stock of where we are now, with a collection of primary research and commissioned articles that discuss different aspects of the genomics of infectious diseases in human populations, including the progress made towards their eradication, and the remaining challenges in terms of both fundamental science and clinical management.

I have copied the list from their site (I am pretty sure this is OK since these are #OpenAccess journals but not 100% sure):

	Editorial    Human infectious diseases in the genomics era: where do we go from here? Ripudaman K Bains Genome Biology 2014, 15:529 (22 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Review    Genomic analysis of emerging pathogens: methods, application and future  trends Lucy M Li, Nicholas C Grassly, Christophe Fraser Genome Biology 2014, 15:541 (22 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    The genome of the sparganosis tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolated  from  the biopsy of a migrating brain lesion Hayley M Bennett, Hoi Ping Mok, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Eleanor J Stanley, Isheng J Tsai, Nagui M Antoun, Avril Coghlan, Bhavana Harsha, Alessandra Traini,  Diogo M Ribeiro, Sascha Steinbass, Sebastian B Lucas, Kieren S.J Allinson,  Stephen J Price, Thomas S Santarius, Andrew J Carmichael, Peter L Chiodini,  Nancy Holroyd, Andrew F Dean, Matthew Berriman  Genome Biology 2014, 15:510 (21 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research highlight    Stopping outbreaks with real-time genomic epidemiology Patrick Tang, Jennifer L Gardy Genome Medicine 2014, 6:104 (20 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Software    YMAP: a pipeline for visualization of copy number variation and loss of  heterozygosity  in  eukaryotic  pathogens Darren Abbey, Jason Funt, Mor N Lurie-Weinberger, Dawn A Thompson, Aviv Regev, Chad L Myers, Judith Berman Genome Medicine 2014, 6:100 (20 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Comment    Single cell genomics of bacterial pathogens: outlook for infectious disease  research Jeffrey S McLean, Roger S Lasken Genome Medicine 2014, 6:108 (20 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Software    SRST2: Rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology  labs Michael Inouye, Harriet Dashnow, Lesley-Ann Raven, Mark B Schultz, Bernard J Pope, Takehiro Tomita, Justin Zobel, Kathryn E Holt  Genome Medicine 2014, 6:90 (20 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    Genomic epidemiology of a protracted hospital outbreak caused by  multidrug-resistant  Acinetobacter baumannii in Birmingham, England Mihail R Halachev, Jacqueline Chan, Chrystala I Constantinidou, Nicola Cumley, Craig Bradley, Matthew Smith-Banks, Beryl Oppenheim, Mark J Pallen  Genome Medicine 2014, 6:70 (20 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Editorial    Next-generation pathogen genomics George M Weinstock, Sharon J Peacock Genome Biology 2014, 15:528 (19 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Software    Rapid Core-Genome Alignment and Visualization for Thousands of Intraspecific  Microbial Genomes Todd J Treangen, Brian D Ondov, Sergey Koren, Adam M Phillippy Genome Biology 2014, 15:524 (19 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Method    BAsE-Seq: a method for obtaining long viral haplotypes from short sequence reads Lewis Z Hong, Shuzhen Hong, Han Teng Wong, Pauline PK Aw, Cheng Yan, Andreas Wilm, Paola F de Sessions, Seng Gee Lim, Niranjan Nagarajan, Martin L Hibberd, Stephen R Quake, William F Burkholder Genome Biology 2014, 15:517 (19 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Editorial    Microbial sequencing to improve individual and population health Sharon J Peacock, George M Weinstock Genome Medicine 2014, 6:103 (19 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Opinion    Genomics and infectious disease: a call to identify the ethical, legal and social  implications  for public health and clinical practice Gail Geller, Rachel Dvoskin, Chloe L Thio, Priya Duggal, Michelle H Lewis, Theodore C Bailey, Andrea Sutherland, Daniel A Salmon, Jeffrey P Kahn Genome Medicine 2014, 6:106 (18 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Review    Epidemiologic data and pathogen genome sequences: a powerful synergy for public  health Yonatan H Grad, Marc Lipsitch Genome Biology 2014, 15:538 (18 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Method    Enhanced methods for unbiased deep sequencing of Lassa and Ebola RNA  viruses in clinical and biological samples Christian B Matranga, Kristian G Andersen, Sarah Winnicki, Michele Busby, Adrianne D Gladden, Ryan Tewhey, Matthew Stremlau, Aaron Berlin, Stephen K Gire,  Eleina England, Lina M Moses, Tarjei S Mikkelsen, Ikponmwosa Odia, Philomena E Ehiane,  Onikepe Folarin, Augustine Goba, S.Humarr Khan, Donald S Grant, Anna Honko,  Lisa Hensley, Christian Happi, Robert F Garry, Christine M Malboeuf, Bruce W Birren,  Andreas Gnirke, Joshua Z Levin, Pardis C Sabeti Genome Biology 2014, 15:519 (18 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary
	Research    The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a  case control study Yanjiao Zhou, Martin J Holland, Pateh Makalo, Hassan Joof, Chrissy h Roberts, David Maybe, Robin L Bailey, Matthew J Burton, George M Weinstock, Sarah E Burr  Genome Medicine 2014, 6:99 (15 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    Proteomics informed by transcriptomics reveals Hendra virus sensitizes  bat cells to  TRAIL mediated apoptosis James W Wynne, Brian J Shiell, Glenn A Marsh, Victoria Boyd, Jennifer A Harper, Kate Heesom, Paul Monaghan, Peng Zhou, Jean Payne, Reuben Klein, Shawn Todd,  Lawrence Mok, Diane Green, John Bingham, Mary Tachedjian, Michelle L Baker,  David Matthews, Lin-Fa Wang  Genome Biology 2014, 15:532 (15 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary
	Method    A phylogeny-based sampling strategy and power calculator informs  genome-wide associations study design for microbial pathogens Maha R Farhat, B Shapiro, Samuel K Sheppard, Caroline Colijn, Megan Murray Genome Medicine 2014, 6:101 (15 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Review    Engineering the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases Paolo Gabrieli, Andrea Smidler, Flaminia Catteruccia Genome Biology 2014, 15:535 (15 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    A Genomic and Evolutionary Approach Reveals Non-Genetic Drug Resistance  in Malaria Jonathan D Herman, Daniel P Rice, Ulf Ribacke, Jacob Silterra, Amy A Deik, Eli Moss, Kate M Broadbent, Daniel E Neafsey, Michael M Desai, Clary B Clish, Ralph Mazitschek, Dyann F Wirth Genome Biology 2014, 15:511 (14 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research highlight    The road to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Anastasia Koch, Robert Wilkinson Genome Biology 2014, 15:520 (13 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research highlight    A CRISPR design for next-generation antimicrobials Chase L Beisel, Ahmed A Gomaa, Rodolphe Barrangou Genome Biology 2014, 15:516 (8 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research     Evolution of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a  susceptible  ancestor in a single patient Vegard Eldholm, Gunnstein Norheim, Bent von der Lippe, Wibeke Kinander, Ulf R Dahle, Dominique A Caugant, Turid Mannsåker, Anne Mengshoel,  Anne Dyrhol-Riise, Francois Balloux  Genome Biology 2014, 15:490 (7 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Opinion    Translating genomics research into control of tuberculosis: lessons learned  and future prospects Digby F Warner, Valerie Mizrahi Genome Biology 2014, 15:514 (7 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary
	Comment     Empowering African genomics for infectious disease control Onikepe A Folarin, Anise N Happi, Christian T Happi Genome Biology 2014, 15:515 (7 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research highlight    Bringing non-human primate research into the post-genomic era: how  monkeys are teaching us about elite controllers of HIV/AIDS Eric J Vallender Genome Biology 2014, 15:507 (7 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    Whole genome sequencing of SIV-infected macaques identifies candidate loci that  may contribute to host control of virus replication Adam J Ericsen, Gabriel J Starrett, Justin M Greene, Michael Lauck, Muthuswamy Raveendran,  David Deiros, Mariel S Mohns, Nicolas Vince, Brian T Cain, Ngoc H Pham, Jason T Weinfurter, Adam L Bailey, Melisa L Budde, Roger W Wiseman, Richard Gibbs, Donna Muzny, T homas C Friedrich, Jeffrey Rogers, David H O’Connor Genome Biology 2014, 15:478 (7 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    Comparative analyses of Legionella species identifies genetic features of strains causing Legionnaires' Disease  Laura Gomez Valero, Christophe Rusniok, Monica Rolando, Mario Neou, Delphine Dervins-Ravault, Jasmin Demirtas, Zoe Rouy, Robert J Moore, Honglei Chen,  Nicola K Petty, Sophie Jarraud, Jerome Etienne, Michael Steinert, Klaus Heuner,  Simonetta Gribaldo, Claudine Médigue, Gernot Glöckner, Elizabeth L Hartland,  Carmen Buchrieser  Genome Biology 2014, 15:505 (3 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF| Editor’s summary
	Research    Staphylococcus aureus gene expression in a rat model of infective endocarditis Frank Hanses, Christelle Roux, Paul M Dunman, Bernd Salzberger, Jean C Lee Genome Medicine 2014, 6:93 (3 November 2014) Abstract | Full text | PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary
	Research     Gene flow in environmental Legionella pneumophila leads to genetic and  pathogenic heterogeneity within a Legionnaires' disease outbreak Paul McAdam, Charles vander broek, Diane Lindsay, Melissa Ward, Mary Hanson, Michael Gillies, Mike Watson, Joanne Stevens, Giles Edwards, Ross Fitzgerald  Genome Biology 2014, 15:504 (3 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary
	Research     Mapping and manipulating the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome using a  transcription factor overexpression-derived regulatory network Tige R Rustad, Kyle J Minch, Shuyi Ma, Jessica K Winkler, Samuel Hobbes, Mark J Hickey, William Brabant, Serdar Turkarslan, Nathan D Price, Nitin S Baliga, David R Sherman Genome Biology 2014, 15:502 (3 November 2014) Abstract | Provisional PDF | PubMed| Editor’s summary